Building energy consumption represents a significant share of total energy demand in Italy and contributes substantially to overall energy-related emissions.

Improving the energy efficiency of buildings is therefore essential, as is understanding which investments are appropriate for different housing types and geographic areas. The costs of these investments may not always be sustainable for households residing in various types of dwellings; this is particularly true for vulnerable families, often subject to financial constraints and/or living in publicly or privately owned rental properties. Accordingly, this research stream focuses on designing building energy efficiency policies that are beneficial for all: policies that can reduce carbon emissions while simultaneously addressing energy poverty.